How Did Isabella DEste Influence The Renaissance Period

ISABELLA D’ESTE QUESTIONS How did Isabella D’este influence the Renaissance period? Isabella d’Este was a powerful and well-educated cultural and political figure. She contributed to the Renaissance period by changing the unique role of woman in the Renaissance age, Isabella was openly , opinionated about politics topics and warfare. When her husband, Francesco 2 Gonzaga left the city, Isabella governed Mantua on her own. Isabella changed Mantua into a centre of culture and art and became Chief of State. She was also famous for her fashion sense, which reinvented the style of womens clothing. At the end of her life, Isabella d’Este created an all girls school to educate woman, equal to men with strict and high expectations. She returned†¦show more content†¦Many people helped her succeed in her field of politics. Starting from her parents, Eleanor of Naples and Ercole l d’Este, duke of Ferrara, her parents believed in fair education between man and woman, so she reserved an education not frequently affordable for woman. This helped shap e Isabella and open her eyes to art and politics. At the age of sixteen she could speak Greek and Latin and had a variety of musical talents including singing, dancing, and playing the lute. Her father enhanced her knowledge by giving her great teachings about politics. Isabella was accomplished enough to understand politics to debate with ambassadors when she was only sixteen. She helped her husband, Francesco II Gonzaga, rule Mantua, which made her power in politics rise, as she learned valuable teachings from her husband. Other patrons that supported Isabella were Leonardo d Vinci, who was a close friend to Isabella and painted many paintings of her. Her sister Beatrice supported and helped Isabella though her life and after the death of Francesco. How did Isabella think about the reformation and what major ideas did she contribute in the Renaissance period? Did she support or go against? Isabella d’Este believed in the growth of art, architecture, culture and knowledge in the Renaissance period. She contributed to the growth of art by supporting the greatest artists of that time, such as Mantegna, Titian, and da Vinci, all of whom she commissioned

Educating The Future Helping Everyone Get A Secondary...

Educating the Future Helping everyone get a secondary education is a great idea that should be explored throughout the United States. However, with the rising cost of education, we need to look for alternatives for the cost verses benefit. There are lots of different ideas for this, some great and some not so great. The United States must a middle ground to solving this problem and get everyone back to work and working at better paying jobs, so that the America can remain a strong economic power in the world economy as well as a great nation. A college education or a carrier certificate is an entryway to additional career choices, a better money and a more robust life. Except for a handful students, the price of tuition makes it†¦show more content†¦In exchange, students get an associate’s degree and does not need them to take out loans. State and Federal governments have the task of funding community schools (WSJ). One reason they will prefer to fund a free tuition program is to extend the pool of native accomplished labor (WSJ). A larger consequence of an additional accomplished force and additional faculty graduates within the population could be a trend toward larger economic development. Communities with a better proportion of faculty graduates collect additional taxation and attract higher-paying jobs in the communities. The accomplished labor of junior college graduates conjointly reduces the demand for entry-level jobs, feat them open for unskilled employees and reducing state at very cheap finish of the economic spectrum (icpd.org). While Americans have grown accustomed the general public education system being free throughout the first 12 years, additional personal and charter faculties’ start shooting up across the state, giving families another access to public education throughout these years; however, these choices do value extra cash. Though students have the choice to attend public schools throughout their pre-college years, instruction is not free within the United States. In most cases, students are expected to get their own tuition. Whereas some could argue that free education provides equal opportunities for everybody it will have its disadvantages. When

The Economic System of Western After the Breakup of Fuedalism Free Essays

The distinguished in the nineteenth century and it†s collapse in the twentieth century have led to similar, though much slower and less obvious, process in the course of modern science. Today†s frantic development in the field of technology has a quality reminiscent of the days preceding the economic crash of 1929. The clearest evidence of it may be seen in such comparatively young sciences such as psychology and political economy. We will write a custom essay sample on The Economic System of Western After the Breakup of Fuedalism or any similar topic only for you Order Now In psychology, one may observe the attempt to study human behavior without reference to the fact that man is conscious. In political economy, one may observe the attempt to study and device social systems without reference to man. Political economy came into prominence in the 19th century, in the era of philosophies post kantian disintegration, and no one rose to check its premises or to challenge its base. Political economist-including the advocates of capitalism-defined their sciences as the study of management or direction or organization or manipulation of â€Å"community†s† or nations resources. The author goes on to say that the European culture regarded material productions as work that should be done by slaves or serfs but not first class citizens. It must be remembered that the institution of private property, in the full, legal meaning of the term, was brought into existence only by capitalism. In the pre-capitalist eras, private property existed de facto but not de jure, i. e. by custom and sufferance, not by right or by law. In law and in principle all land belonged to the head of the tribe, the king, and was held only by permission, which could be revoked at any time. CAPITALISM, a term used to donate the economic systems that has been dominate in the western world since the breakup of feudalism. Fundamental to any system called capitalist are the relations between private owners of non-personal means of production (land mines, industrial plants, etc†¦. collectively known as capital) and free but capitalizes workers, who sell their labor services to employers. The resulting wage bargains determines the proportion in which the total products of society will be shared between the class of laborers and the class of capitalist entrepreneurs. Productive use of the â€Å"social surplus† was special virtue that enabled capitalism to outstrip all prior economic systems. Instead of building pyramids and cathedrals, those in command of the social surplus chose to invest in ships, warehouses, raw materials, finished goods and other material forms of wealth. There is of course, no such thing as a â€Å"social surplus. † All wealth is produced by somebody and belongs to somebody. Mans essential characteristic is his rational faculty. man†s mind is his basic means of survival-his only means of gaining knowledge. If some men do not choose to think, they can survive only by imitating and repeating a routine of work discovered by others-but those others had to discover it, or none would have survived. If men do not choose to think or to work, they can survive (temporarily) only by looting the goods produced by others-but those others had to produce them or none would have survived. Man cannot survive as animals do, by the mere guidance of perceptions. He cannot provide for his simplest physical need without process of thought. e needs a process of thought to discover how to plant and grow food or how to make weapons for hunting. His precepts might lead him to a cave. No precepts or instincts will tell him how to light a fire. Is man a sovereign individual who owns his person, his mind, his life, his work and it†s products-or is he the property of the tribe (the state, the society, the collective) that may dispose of him any way it pleases, that may dictate his convictions, prescribe the course of his life, control his work and expropriate his products? Does man have the right? To exist for his own sake-or is he born of bondage, as an indentures servant who must keep buying his life by serving the tribe but can never acquire it free and clear. In a capitalist society, all human relationships are voluntary. Men are free to cooperate or not, to deal with one another or not, as their own individual judgments, convictions, and interests dictate. They can deal with one another only in terms of and by means of reason, i. e. by means of discussion, persuasion, and contractual agreement, by voluntary choice, by voluntary choice of mutual benefit. The right to agree with others is not a problem in any society; it is the right to disagree that crucial. It is the institution of private property the protects and implements the rights to disagree-and thus keeps the roaf open to man†s most valuable attribute (valuable personally, socially, and objectively): the creative mind. The recognition of individual rights entails the banishment of physical force from human relationships: basically, rights can be violated by only means of force. In a capitalist society, no man or group may initiate the use of physical force against others. The only function of the government is such a society is, the task of protecting man†s rights, i. e. the task of protecting him from physical force. The author goes on to say that the only time the government can use force is when there is retaliation. Such there is no such entity as â€Å"society† since society is only a number of individual men, this meant, in practice, that the rulers did not abide by the moral laws only subject to traditional rituals, they held total power and exacted blind obedience. They believed good which is good for the society. The most profoundly revolutionary achievement of the United States of America was subordination of society to moral law. The principle of man†s individual rights represented the extension of morality into the social system-as a limitation tot he power of the state, as man†s protection against the brute force of the collective. He goes onto say the United States was the first moral state. I don†t know what kind of morals the author is actually referring to. A right is a moral principle defining and sanctioning a mans freedom of action in a social context. There is only one fundamental â€Å"right†: mans right to his own life. The right to life is the source of all rights-and the right to property is their only implementation. He goes on to say all previous systems had regarded man as a sacrificial means to the end of others, and society as a means to a peaceful, orderly, voluntary, coexistence of individuals. All previous systems had regard man†s life as society property that they could dispose of him anytime they felt like it Without property rights, no other rights are possible. Since man has to sustain life by his own effort, the man who has no right to property is a right to action, like all the others: it is not the right to an object, but to the action and consequences of producing or earning that object. It is not a guarantee that am man will earn any property, but only a guarantee that he will own it if he earn it. It is the right to gain, to keep , to use and to dispose of material values. To violate man†s right means to compel him against his own judgment, or to expropriate his values. there is only on why to do it: by the use of physical force. How to cite The Economic System of Western After the Breakup of Fuedalism, Essay examples

Pathology and Lab Medicine for Biological Research - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePathology and Lab Medicine for Biological Research. Answer: Introduction There exist several aims to examine the tissues and cells of human being under the microscope. Biological and medical research is supported by knowledge of the typical structure and the role of cells and tissues, organs and structures (1). The cells and other tissue elements are arranged in recognizable pattern during the normal healthy state. Alteration in structure of the cell is brought by Different chemicals and physical influences that are reflected at microscopic level (1). However, several diseases are featured by common structural and chemical abnormalities which differ from the common state. Sometimes I face difficulties to handle some tissue like Bone due to its hardiness. There are some difficulties to cut it into small pieces. This happens if we do not soak the tissue in decalcifying agent enough time. In RMIT pathology lab, we soak Bone tissue up to 2 days to make soft (2). Steps of preparing tissue There are four steps in histopathology lab that are used in preparing tissue. These are fixation, grossing, processing, embedding and sectioning (1). Fixation This is a significant step in preparing samples for microscopic examination. It aims at preventing decay and preserving cells and tissues in a life-like state (2). This method work by deactivating the activities of the enzymes, killing the microorganisms and hardening the sample, on the other hand, maintaining adequate molecular structure to ensure suitable staining methods to be applied (1). If the fixation is applied immediately after the separation of sample from its main blood supply, there will be better outcome. In addition, in RMIT pathology laboratory, formaldehyde is the main fixative agent which is used for fixing tissues. Before specimens are processed, they should be fixed by immersing them in formalin for 6 to 12 hours Grossing This is a process which is also termed as cut-up and it involves vigilant examination and specimen description in regards to dimensions, appearance and the number of pieces. In the case of larger samples, further dissection should be done in order to come up with representative pieces from relevant regions (1-2). Just, for example, the several samples can be removed from the excision margins of a tumour in order to ensure the very tumour has been entirely detached. If there are small specimens, then all the specimen can be processed. Furthermore, the sampled specimens will be put into the cassettes and on the other hand, batches will be put into the processor of tissue ready for processing through the wax. Processing This is the process where lots of specimens are prepared for automated instrument called tissue processors (2). These devices allow the samples to be penetrated with categorization of different solvents finishing found in the melted paraffin wax. Embedding Embedding is the process where tissues are covered with medium like wax, gelatin or agar. This medium is important in that when it gets solidified, it will offer cover support during process of sectioning (1). Sectioning This is the process where segments are cut using microtone. The paraffin pieces are commonly cut at thickness of 3-5 m. This size makes sure that the one cell thick layers form the section(2). But in RMIT laboratory, the section is usually cut at 4 thick. Staining This is the process where the sectioned specimens are dyed ready for examination using microscope (2). Conclusion In RMIT pathology lab tissues are not diagnose because it is teaching lab, but some tissues that are already diagnosed are examined. For example, we stain liver with Trichrome stain to diagnose viral hepatitis and cirrhosis. Another example is using Hales stain to demonstrate excessive amounts of bile pigment in the liver, which may be found in cases of hepatic or extrahepatic biliary obstruction References Glauert AM, Lewis PR. Biological specimen preparation for transmission electron microscopy. Princeton University Press; 2014 Jul 14. Kierszenbaum AL, Tres L. Histology and Cell Biology: An Introduction to Pathology E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2015 May 4.

Writing for Charity

Writing is a special gift. It’s a gift that allows some of us to feed ourselves and our families. It’s a gift that keeps some of us out of a traditional work environment or brings in a second income. But the value of this gift doesn’t have to stop at providing for ourselves or those immediately under our care – we can use this gift for charitable purposes, too. Take, for example, the site Ukraine Orphans. This site features books by volunteers who have dedicated parts of their lives to helping this unfortunate group of children – some who need medical care, infant formula, or simply the world to know they are there, waiting for something better to come along. Proceeds of the books go into funds that help Ukraine orphans. Another example of how we, as writers, can use our skills to benefit others, can be found at Kiva.org. Kiva is a program that provides microloans to individuals in impoverished regions of the world. This organization needs volunteers who can translate, but these volunteers must also have proficiency in English. Sometimes, Kiva will also need volunteers to help edit business proposals. And they only ask for about 8 hours of volunteer time per month! We can also use our writing skills on a more personal level. Women for Women International and Children International both incorporate the act of letter writing into their sponsorship programs. More than money, with writing it is possible to give encouragement and hope to others. Locally, we can write to make our communities aware of projects or initiatives. We can volunteer to write newletters for organizations, animal shelters, or churches. We can use our skills to help others craft well-written grant proposals, not-for-profit websites, and advertisements.

Social and environmental accounting case study of AVIVA and CSR The WritePass Journal

Social and environmental accounting case study of AVIVA and CSR Introduction Social and environmental accounting case study of AVIVA and CSR IntroductionPart 1 accountabilityPart 2 – accounting for global warmingPart 3 – socially responsible investmentConclusionBibliographyRelated Introduction Corporate Social Report (CSR) is one of the ways to check how well developed accounting is in the company. Oliver Dubigeon in its article discerns two kinds of companies: the one who begin to account for their social, corporate and environmental responsibility to improve the impression of their reputation and acceptability to civil society and the second who understands that it is a response at this very moment to the ‘right to knowledge and participation’ that civil society is demanding, if not to eliminate the risks to their daily life and to future generations, then at least to control and master them. First and second parts of this report will be analyzing an insurance company AVIVA, who like one of international community member, has its corporate responsibility. So it is necessary to find out whether this company belongs to the first or second category of discerned companies. Moreover, it is important to look how accountability is pursued in AVIVA company and how it takes responsibility in solving global warming problem. The second part of the report also considers the impact of professional accountancy bodies in global warming, how they deal with global warming issue in reporting. The third part will evaluate the role of global Socially Responsible Investment on the development of accountability.   This section will not be specifically concerned with AVIVA company, but it will be considering about the increase of accountability and social and environmental accounting and of course the behaviour for companies. Part 1 accountability Accountability is a concept that relates to flows of information, where those controlling resources provide accounts to society of their use of those resources. So, corporate accountability can be defined as the systematic and public communication of information that is designed to justify an organization’s decisions and actions to various stakeholders.The other definition of accountability made Gray, Owen and Adamsshows that there are two duties: responsibility to take actions and responsibility to account for those actions. The best feature of accountability is that it can show the external verification of the company’s performance – how well they minimize the social impact of a company’s activity, provide good working conditions for employees and contractors, and create an acceptable arrangement for the distribution of benefits and services. It also can show that company does not carry out with its duties properly. Social Reporting(CSR) is one of the biggest challenges for company on CSR and lack of understanding how properly to do this can be the main problem in bad reporting. Sometimes the content of a report do not reflect actual performance, or it may be incomplete. The problem is that many organisations do not really understand the meaning and purpose of CSR. It is a mistake to think that it is simply engaging in philanthropic activities or making donations.   It involves much more than this. Companies do the reporting because of very different reasons. Ones wants to reveal all the information about company’s acts to society, other want to create a â€Å"positive† look about the company, and the thirds just do not really know why they do this, but just tries to follow the â€Å"model† companies’ example. Annual report and the financial statements are as a mechanism for discharging accountability. It also includes financial and non-financial information to improve transparency and understandable information enabling users to assess a firm’s performance. AVIVA is an insurance company in which CRS involves a strong organisational commitment to social obligations and the internalization of these obligations in the culture of the organization as well as the mobilization of employees to execute these obligations in their day-to-day actions. But is it all like it sounds? AVIVA looks like a big company which seeks to be the leading one in insurance industry, but there can be very contradictory reasons for doing this: the ones which company wants to tell in public and the others which it wants to keep inside the company. The reasons AVIVA company is so active and responsible in such reporting is because it feels responsible for being an example of correct behaviour for all other beings, this company cares about planet and people. These non – financial reasons shows about companies universal responsibility. There are and financial reasons, which are promoted in CSR, such as reducing risks and increasing profits, because of an improved reputation in various markets.This company reacts to its customers, colleagues and everyone where they operate and takes positive actions towards climate change that shows good level in listening and dialogue with the society around it. Although, AVIVA makes an impact to accountability, they improve their skills and experience every year and this can be easily seen in their reports. Company was one of the first companies who helped developing and started using the HRH Prince of Wales’ Accounting for Sustainability (A4S) connected reporting framework for their performance report.Using this framework AVIVA reported about greenhouse gas emissions, waste, resource usage, customer advocacy and investing in communities. AVIVA is a very good example for other organisations who wish to connect sustainability performance with business strategy. This company has a very valuable case study, which explains how following Connected Reporting Framework reaches good sustainability reporting practice. AVIVA also put their CR Report to a separate shareholder vote at the 2010 AGM and they are the first company in UK by doing this. All this proves about Aviva’s active and valuable contribution to CSR, because even being a right example for other companies it already helps for better and clearer understanding in   CSR area which is still found difficult for organisations to understand and   make valuable reporting. Part 2 – accounting for global warming Today’s actions will affect future generations, and nowhere is this more evident than in our approach to climate change and the environment. Global warmin is long lasting problem in the world. There are a lot of different opinions about this, but it is clear that some part of the world is trying to do something on behalf of the environment. The insurance industry has the most to lose from the increasingly extreme weather that scientists agree is the result of global warming. Aviva’s strategy is to control their own impacts and resources, including water, gas, waste and electricity. The main impact on the environment is Aviva’s total carbon dioxide emissions. There is a small number of companies, who are carbon neutral, but AVIVA was the first insurer to offset emissions on a global basis and become carbon – neutral, this company is a good example for all other companies, who used more to talk than to act. AVIVA is a signatory and responding company to the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), moreover, in 2009 it was ranked eighth in the Carbon Disclosure Leadership Index for the FTSE350, third in the financial services sector and 38th overall in the FSTE Global 500. The results of emission reducing is best seen now, when in 2008 company reduced 6,6% of CO2 emissions and further 5,2% in 2009. Companies aim is to reduce their carbon emissions by 30% till 2020, from their 2006 baseline, which is 120000 tones of CO2. Company also encourages others to do the same, to manage and reduce the CO2 output, because CO2 is the principal ‘greenhouse’ gas contributing to global warming. AVIVA has invested in cutting-edge tropical storm research, revamped its flood models to incorporate global warming, publicized the need for action and encouraged reduced vehicle usage with pay-as-you-drive insurance. During the period of 2005 – 2010 AVIVA company continuously improved and reported of their direct and indirect environmental impacts. In all these years AVIVA company is trying to develop products and services that provide a positive link between climate change and premium paid. In 2005 AVIVA established a climate change forum to coordinate related activities across their businesses. In the same year, company involved in including flood research, flood mitigation and prevention work, sponsored a pan-European flood project. 2008 was the year, when AVIVA concentrated on water: they helped people to prepare to deal with a flood and shared the information how to limit the damage. Company is encouraging others to make responsible choices and tries to promote good environmental practice among their colleagues, customers and suppliers. In fact, Norwich Union is playing a leading role helping to mitigate the effects of global warming. The other offer made, seeking to provide right dec isions for environment was in 2006, by offering reduced premium insurance for drivers of hybrid and flexi – fuel Ford cars. 2007 was the year of projects. During this time, AVIVA made a progress on three strategic areas to combat climate change: carbon reduction, carbon offsetting and enhanced employee education and engagement. Biogasproject, wind turbineproject, â€Å"Green cement†project, treadle plumps and other projects where AVIVA company participates, shows that this company is very active in environments protection, it belongs to various organizations, sponsors projects and also takes valuable actions inside the company, such as signing a ‘green’ service level agreement with Hewlett Packard (HP) in 2009, for the provision and running of two data centers which are ran by ‘eco friendly’ or renewable power sources. AVIVA is an independent auditor, which uses the guidance of rules made of International Federation of Accountants’ (IFAC). This organisation made a contribution to global warming by considering this problem from a strategic perspective: it explored the enterprise governance model which encourages organisations to view governance as having a performance as well as conformance perspective. The aim of this model was to consider why corporate governance often fails in companies and, more importantly, what must be done to ensure that things go right. It still seems like the professional accountancy bodies are not involved in global warming problems as they could be.This proposition is wrong, because a professional accountancy body keeps an eye to global economy. Issue of sustainability is not an exemption too.   In the company accountants might also become involved in the development of environmental and social accounting, by doing this, accountants would be involved in the organization’s management of environmental performance at all points of the company.Environmental accounting, accurate global warming, shows the interaction between the world and the company. Part 3 – socially responsible investment UK Investment Forum, describes socially responsible investment (SRI) as ‘‘investments enabling investors to combine financial objectives with their social values’’.Miller A. SRI equates to Ethical investments and explains them as the contribution towards particular social and environmental aims. So, socially responsible investment seeks for two benefits: social good and financial return. The problem arises when this investment becomes more money making than improving social, ethical values, becoming eco – friendly company. Of course, it can not be said about all organisations that they look just for profit for themselves, in many companies it is more a positive issue they help environment, takes care of it and also helps other companies as being a right example. That shows that positive and negative criteria’s can be made analyzing SRI market. In recent years, SRI has experienced an explosive growth around the world. The growing increase in global SRI determines the better and wider understanding about companies ethical values in environment. Without good environmental management company would not achieve the maximum of profitable green investing. It is understandable why companies want financial profits of all investments, but it is important to seek more for the positive aspects of the green investments. So, there are negative and positive aspects investing in SRI. Ethical investments have financial returns, but unfortunately very small ones. Anyway, the SRI is expected not to stop growing, because it does not matter that there will be less companies, who aims to get non-financial utility from investing in SRI, it is important that at least some investors would care less about financial performance. Crisis has led to the increase of financial accounting. One of the reasons for such close accounting implication can be that a company can show very positive ‘success’ indicators to the environment by doing this. Moreover, the information made by accountants is needed for profitable shareholders decisions in global socially responsible investments. Social accounting (social reporting) provides all stakeholders with information about the social and environmental activities and impacts of the organizationit is necessary because it is the way for stakeholders to decide for themselves if a company was really socially responsible or not.Firms ignoring social responsibility may destroy long run shareholder value due to reputation losses and/or potential litigation costs. Issue like global warming has gained attention by governments and investors around the world. This means that increase in SRI will not stop growing. Environmental reporting is one of two areas where environmental agenda has encouraged the greatest development in organizational practice.The good thing is if the company gets non-financial benefits from SRI, because in that case the investors would not care so much about the money, financial profit, which they can get from these investments. Otherwise the problems with personal or societal values can arise. The question needed to answer is whether the stakeholders care about the values mentioned above? Unfortunately, social disclosure and social performance are the subjects shareholders care about just in how they affect the financial performance. The ethical positions of organizations, takes just a little part of the things shareholders cares about. The ethical norms which characterize a company are fundamental to any green investment analysis. They include the integrity of the vision and leadership of top management, and a company’s openness and accountability to its employees and to the outside world. Companies economic behaviour can be seen in the works it done. The increase in SRI is one of the factors which can determine and reveal whether the company has positive or negative behaviour in investing. Heinkel et al. (2001) suggests looking if company investors are green or neutral investors and whether they have a clean or a polluting technology. The other problem is that the company which is pursuing social and environmental goals can suffer in competitive market.   So, both of the profits need to be balanced. SRI must be an investment where part of the returns is donated to good causes.Corporate governance have to reflect the positive screening of the company, it is preferred that company would be focused on social welfare in addition to value maximization. Conclusion AVIVA company is one of these companies who cares about their customers, employers and tries to be the right example for everyone in reporting, activities related with environment, behavior which can be called representative for other organizations in successful development. Being the leading organization in Corporate reporting this company seeks to concentrate to positive values and behavior. AVIVA company makes a lot of good works in global warming issue, it is active inside and outside the organization, tries to â€Å"infect† the other organizations and people by environmentally friendly behavior and the results is already seen. Of course, only positive and valuable works showed in Aviva’s Corporate reporting makes human doubts about good faith of this company, but otherwise by having a good name this company gain confidence of customers, shows a good example for other insurers and of course the same logics asks a question why such company would harm and disparage it s reputation? So, it can be said that this company is the one who understands that it is responsible to control and master the ‘right to knowledge and participation’ which civil society is demanding for. Bibliography Books: Dave Owen ‘Green Reporting: Accountancy and the challenge of the nineties’ Chapman Hall 1992 Gray, R., Owen, D. and Adams, C., Accounting and accountability: Changes and challenges in corporate social and environmental reporting, London: Prentice Hall Europe, 1996 John Houghton ‘Global Warming : the complete briefing ’ 2nd edition, Cambridge University P., 1994 Jose Allouche, Corporate Social Responsibility Volume 1 Concepts, Accountability and Reporting, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006 Rob Gray, Dave Owen, Keith Maunders Corporate Social Reporting: Accounting and accountability 1987 Rob Gray, Jan Bebbington Accounting for the environment 2nd edition, Rob Gray with Jan Bebbington 2001 Journal articles: Anne Ellerup Nielsen, Christa Thomsen ‘Reporting CSR – what and how to say it?’ 2007 Aarhus School of Business, Denmark Volume: 12 Issue:1 pp. 25-40 Ainscough, T., Hill, R.P., Shank, T. Manullang, D. 2007, ‘Corporate Social Responsibility and Socially Responsible Investing: A Global Perspective’, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 165-174. Experts who put a premium on expecting the worst and working out what it costs NON-FINANCIAL RISK: Mike Scott looks at the mechanisms employed by the insurance industry to minimise the impact of risk on its balance sheet: SURVEYS EDITION 2007, , London (UK). Garry Booth, ‘Climate change: Talk needs to turn into action’, 2008 Reactions. Janet M Epps and Fiona L Solomon, ‘Adding Social Value Through Accountability in Mineral Development’ 2000 The AusIMM   Annual Conference, Sydney, [online]. Available from: minerals.csiro.au/sd/CSIRO_Paper_Accountability.htm [accessed 20/03/11] Jean Raar ‘Reported social and environmental taxonomies: a longer-term glimpse’ 2007 Deakin University, Burwood, Australia Volume: 22 Issue: 8 pp. 840-860 McGuire, D. Garavan, T.N., ‘Human Resource Development and Society: Human Resource Development’s Role in Embedding Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainability, and Ethics in Organizations’, 2010, vol. 12, no. 5, Advances in Developing Human Resources, pp. 487-507 Ter Horst, J., Zhang, C. Renneboog, L. 2008, ‘Socially responsible investments: Institutional aspects, performance, and investor behavior’, Journal of Banking Finance, vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 1723-1742. Reports and On-line sources: Aviva plc Annual Report and Accounts 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006 and 2005 [online]. Available from: aviva.com/corporate-responsibility/reports/?category=All [accessed 01/03/11] Accounting for Sustainability. [online]. Available from:   accountingforsustainability.org/output/Page136.asp [accessed 01/03/11] Climate care. Treadle pumps in India. [online].   Available from: jpmorganclimatecare.com/projects/countries/treadle-india/ [accessed 14/03/11] Climate friendly Hebei Kangbao Wind Project Project Profile [online]. Available from: https://climatefriendly.com/projects [accessed 20/03/11] International Federation of Accountants [online] Available from: ifac.org/ [accessed 13/04/11] Insurance company AVIVA web page [online]. Available from:   aviva.co.uk/ [accessed 20/02/11] Going green [online]. Available from: lowcarbonconcrete.ie/documents/ScanofarticleJan2009-smallOCR.pdf [accessed 20/03/11] Practical Action. Biogas: power from cow dung. [online]. Available from:  http://practicalaction.org/biogas [accessed 14/03/11] Special English development report. ‘The Importance of a Simple Water Pump’[online]. Available from: youtube.com/watch?v=A36hUKNPy-Q [accessed 20/02/11]

The History of Baseball Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The History of Baseball - Research Paper Example n 1908, the commission published their final report concluding that Abner Doubleday invented Baseball in the town called Cooperstown, New York in the year 1939 (John Doyle Papers 49). How they came up with such a conclusion is based on the testimonies of Abner Graves, a resident of Cooperstown. Later on, such report has been proven to be a mistake as it was discovered that Doubleday wasn’t in Cooperstown at that year. To add, Graves was convicted of murder and was sent to the asylum for being insane. Alexander Cartwright Alexander Cartwright is another popular name in the history of Baseball. In 1845, Cartwright wrote the rules of a New York baseball team called Knickerbockers. And later on, Shane Foster help revolutionized the Knickerbocker rules into the modern baseball rules of today. In 1953, the Congressed credited the invention of modern baseball to Alexander Cartwright and he was included in the Baseball Hall of Fame (Peterson 8). Although the term may not be fitting, h e is the most deserving to have the title. Alexander Cartwright was also the umpire of the first recorded baseball game in America dated June 19, 1846 in New Jersey. Knickerbocker Baseball Club and New York Baseball Club, 1846 During the year 1845, the Knickerbocker Club of New York City was making use of the Elysian Field in Hoboken, New Jersey. They were playing and practicing here as this is the only place that has soft ground to play on within the area. In 1846, the first recorded U.S. baseball game took place here with the Knickerbocker Club playing against the New York Nine (Seymour 27). The New York Nine won the game. Because of the success of this game, more amateur teams were formed. By the year 1957, the National Association of Baseball Players was formed and 25 amateur teams joined.... This research paper describes the history of baseball, the most favorite American sport. Abner Doubleday is the man believed to be the inventor of baseball. In 1939, everyone thought that Abner Doubleday was behind the sport because of a testimony of another man. However, there was no evidence to prove that he is indeed the man behind baseball. In fact, through all the papers Doubleday has written, he has never mentioned anything about being the proponent of the American sport; he never made the claim. One of the people behind this theory is Albert Spalding. In 1905, Spalding organized the Mills Commission. Members of the commission include Spalding himself, Abraham Mills, Morgan Bulkely, Arthur Gorman, Nick Young, George Wright, Alfred Reach and James Sulivan. And from this list, none of them are historians. The commission was geared towards coming up with a report on who really is the prominent man behind the sport. In 1908, the commission published their final report concluding that Abner Doubleday invented Baseball in the town called Cooperstown, New York in the year 1939. How they came up with such a conclusion is based on the testimonies of Abner Graves, a resident of Cooperstown. The paper concludes that it can take a lot of work before Baseball will gain as much popularity as leagues like the National Basketball Association or the National Football League. The proud history of the sport is the primary reason why it has survived and why baseball fans should be continuously optimistic for the future of baseball.

Sharing your Results Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sharing your Results - Assignment Example The methodology used in the research entailed a practical approach whereby raw results were used to formulate the hypothesis. In addition, evaluation of the companies’ profits in view of their production capacity indicated the need for companies to develop an effective marketing plan that will be able to capture either the entire market or a specific niche of customers. The research indicated that the two companies used marketing as a means to capture the target population for their products and services. It was also established that initial market research would provide the best alternative for the companies to obtain an in depth understanding of the market and buying trends. Another important aspect in controlling consumer behavior included the need to attract new customers and to retain them. Given that the companies sell similar products such as coffee, it is important for them to have an effective marketing plan that will create a diversified customer base. Starbucks is a coffeehouse chain and a global coffee company located in Seattle, Washington. The company was started in 1971 as a coffee bean roster and retailer and has grown rapidly over the time. It is one of the largest coffee companies in the world, with 13,049 in the USA while in other countries as China, Canada, Japan and the UK there are 1,909, 1,555, 1,089, and 927 stores respectively. Overseas stores constitute up to one third of the entire company indicating its wider geographical range to potential customers (Michelli, 2007). The company serves both hot and cold beverages including Whole-bean coffee, full-leaf teas, micro-ground instant coffee, pastries and snacks. Also, their evening locations offer a wide variety of beers, appetizers and wines after 4 pm. On the other hand, Costa Coffee is a multinational coffeehouse company based in Dunstable, United Kingdom. It is also a worldwide

Special Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Special Education - Essay Example Qualitative research can â€Å"see precisely which events led to which consequences and derive fruitful explanations† (Miles and Huberman, 1994, p. 1). Moreover, it has a higher chance of being able to arrive at unanticipated findings and new combinations and relationships. These reasons are why the qualitative research design had been chosen for this study as it can give a clear view of why students with disabilities drop out of high school. It must be clarified that although quantitative data, such as statistics and percentages, were used in the study, it only acted as supportive numbers that laid the groundwork for this study. Furthermore, it is intended for this qualitative research to act as a recursive study for more accurate and extensive quantitative study on the same topic. The study employed a qualitative research design that was based on active observation. The qualitative research design has been criticized by many for its supposed inexactness due to its â€Å"interpretative, subjective, impressionistic and diagnostic† nature as it has been claimed that there is no unbiased observer (Thomson, 2007). However, when contending with abstract data, like â€Å"the often contradictory behaviors, beliefs, opinions, emotions, and relationships of individuals† and in this case, the reasons why certain people act a particular way, active observation is best employed as its strength lies in its capability to be able to provide a textual characterization of complex events such as human experience (Mack, et al., 2005).

Hiv Aids Media In Uk Health And Social Care Essay

Hiv Aids Media In Uk Health And Social Care Essay It is estimated that over 30 million people worldwide live with HIV leading to around 2 million deaths per year. In the UK HIV is one of the fastest growing illnesses and as of June 2010 there has been 26,262 new cases of AIDS diagnosis with over 19,000 HIV related deaths.  [i]   Despite various health and government campaigns designed to inform the public of HIV transmission and prevention in the UK; rates of diagnosis of the disease still continue to rise. This essays aims to understand if media campaigns are effective to induce a change in both prevention and the number of individuals who are willing to undergo testing? If this is not the case then what factors contribute to its current stigma? Finally, has the media been effective enough to change the publics perception to the disease in todays society compared to when it first hit the headlines? Through these arguments, conclusions and recommendations for future effective awareness and media techniques can be drawn. The History of AIDS in the media The media is considered to be the most influential tool having a direct ability to influence mass target audiences. This was made more powerful through the invention of the internet where information could be broadcast worldwide, allowing more people than ever to access information. Throughout the years, portrayal of HIV and AIDS through newspapers, television, radio, posters, leaflets and educational advertisements have had a direct effect on the way the disease is perceived by the general public. For example, when AIDS first hit the global headlines in the early 1980s it was displayed by the media as being a new, unknown disease with a direct link to individuals only involved in homosexual activity. This reflected a time where same sex relationships were frowned upon and how this taboo was seen to result in death. There were also cases of how infected blood transfusion products acted as a transmission route, this led to terms such as killer blood  [ii]  and labelling AIDS as a gay plaque  [iii]  . The early perception of the disease is shown through newspapers including influential and renounced broadsheets like The Daily Telegraph in 1983 with their main headline of Gay Plague May Lead to Blood Ban on Homosexuals. This was a paper which was targeted at many affluent people with a high degree of social status and education. In 1982 The Terrence Higgins Trust was formed, the first campaign of its kind. This charity group was dedicated in supporting, preventing and campaigning for greater public understanding of HIV. Through this new slant of providing a support frame work for infected individuals, charities started to focus on prevention, education and aiding the families of those affected. Through the growth of science and research more understanding was obtained about the disease and it was no longer a fear of the unknown but more focus on how transmission of the disease can be prevented. Hence this lead to government campaigns in the new millennia, educating the general population rather than inducing fear. The perception and stigma of HIV Today there is still a wide stigma which surrounds many cultures, religious and ethic groups. Landlords have evicted individuals with AIDS and the Social Security Administration is interviewing patients by phone rather than face to face.  [iv]  Dr David Spencer, Commisioner of Health, New York City The question lies in whether the media has been effective enough to overcome stigmatisation within the associated groups. An eye opening story of how AIDS has been portrayed through the media and its direct influence on discrimination and prejudice was shown by the case of Ryan White, a haemophiliac who became infected in 1984. As HIV was poorly understood at the time, many parents and teachers protested against his attendance, signing petitions to exclude him from campus even though scientists at the time knew that HIV was not transmittable through any form of casual contact. He worked as a paperboy and many people along his route cancelled their subscriptions in fear that the disease was contractible through newsprint. This shows the extent of how HIV was perceived and the fear of contraction, which instigated threats of violence and legal cases towards the family. When White was allowed to return to school in 1986 he was deeply unhappy. He had few friends and school policy required him to eat with disposable utensils, have a separate bathroom and his requirement to attend gym class was dismissed. How ever, the most shocking event came about when a bullet was fired through the Whites front room window and the family decided it was time to leave. He was later enrolled into another school and was greeted by the superintendent and a handful of students who were educated about the disease and who were not afraid to shake his hand. This shows the detrimental difference that education makes towards public perception and how prejudice and discrimination can be limited.  [v]   Hence through the array of inaccurate information, the fear of prejudice and discrimination has lead to stigmatisation. This has had an effect on the willingness of individuals to acquire HIV testing, and be open about a positive status despite the reduced visibility of the symptoms of the disease such as skin and muscle wastage. The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 has made discrimination within the workplace illegal for people associated with HIV and AIDS. However this does not combat the prejudice and stigmatisation an individual may encounter from their colleagues. Hence subtle discrimination is more common as it is difficult to tackle in comparison to open discrimination. These are the reasons why people choose not to disclose their HIV status, as for many people living with the disease the most hurtful prejudice that they may face comes from those to who they would normally turn to for support. Close family, friends and partners have been known to turn their back on people diagnosed with HIV. In addition, the sense of belonging that being part of a community provides can quickly disappear when that community appears to discriminate against you simply because of its own prejudice against HIV, this often leads to financial and further social difficulties. The media is therefore faced with the difficult task of changing peoples perceptions, of which there have been a few successful outcomes. EastEnders a popular UK television soap explored the issues of HIV and AIDS with regards to antiretroviral drugs, safe sex, prejudice and the difficulties that can occur in a relationship. The producers worked closely with The Terrence Higgins Trust throughout the story and it was found that after the characters positive diagnosis in 1991 this correlated with the highest peak in HIV testing requests  [vi]  . This was influential as the soap showed someone living with HIV as opposed to dying with the disease, and the storyline was so successful in raising awareness that a 1999 survey conducted by the National AIDS Trust found teenagers got most of their information about HIV from the soap.  [vii]  When the character died in 2004 campaigners suggested that he was killed too early as advancements in drugs were helping people live much longer a nd was not reflective of what was happening at the time. Lisa Power, head of policy at the Terrence Higgins Trust, stated that, one decent soap episode is worth a thousand leaflets in schools. That is why we would always go out of our way to help scriptwriters. TV and films can be very powerful.  [viii]  Ã‚   How the media has changed the perception of HIV /AIDS Horizon produced a BBC documentary Killer in the Village which showed the perception that the media had of HIV and AIDS back in 1983. Terms such as killer disease highlighted the fear of the disease by gay men who walk in its shadow. Even though the programmes aim was to provide information on this new cancer the way that the issue was dealt with showed the prejudice that even health care workers and politicians who tried to shed light on the subject held.  [ix]   Advertisements were steamed on TV warning viewers about contracting the disease which would lead to death. They were not based on educating the public but mostly warning of the dangers of the disease, this was perhaps due to the lack of understanding of the topic. This is clearly shown in one of the earlier T.V advertisements produced in Australia in 1987.  [x]  Here we see that AIDS has been given the face of the grim reaper, a metaphoric analogy showing that AIDS equals death. He is seen to throw a bowling bowl at his target the general public and they are seen to fall which is a symbol of death. Another advert produced in the US in the same year shows a vulnerable child lying in bed with the disease and with his last breathe reaches out to the public with the message DONT GET IT!.  [xi]   The later HIV and AIDS television campaigns have become the main source of education for the general public with information commercials showing links to help lines for more information. Marketers feel in order to sell their products to the teenage target audience they have to use sex to appeal to them, this is shown though clothing and perfume lines. Therefore it is evident to get teenagers attention about the dangers of unprotected sex, advertisements have had to be made more graphical and explicit. This is made apparent through later television campaigns as such produced by MTV in 1999  [xii]  where couples are seen to engage in intercourse in a relatable fashion and then the newly infected partner is shot by the infected one. This would have seen to be too controversial back in the 1980s. However towards the end of the commercial it shows a bullet being stopped by a condom, this analogy of how death can be stopped by wearing a condom adds a powerful element in getting the mes sage across. A recent advertisement campaign produced by the NHS in 2009  [xiii]  again showed couples engaging in risky sexual behaviour. Names of STIs such as chlamydia and gonorrhoea were shown throughout the commercial however notably there was no mention of HIV or AIDS. For what possible reason has HIV and AIDS, which a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide appear to have been forgotten in recent campaigns? Perhaps the predominance of HIV transmission in the media in previous years had overshadowed more s common and less serious STIs, decreasing their awareness and allowing them to rise significantly. As a result, government and health authorities could be trying to draw greater focus to these, meanwhile dangerously oversighting the significant risk of HIV transmission in todays young population. In more recent times, the media has tried to make HIV and AIDS more relatable to the general public by using celebrities and figure heads. Celebrities with HIV and AIDS are not shown in a bad light but more of a lesson to be learned from. They have been seen as individuals who people look up to as role models and leaders, where people form an identification with them hence they can relate to these individuals including famous people such as Rock Hudson and Freddy Mercury who lost their lives to AIDS. One significant change that aadvertising has provided is promoting the use of condoms with slogans such as stay safe, use a condom  [xiv]  , highlighting condoms as an important factor in the prevention pathway. In March 2009, during the Popes visit to Africa the Pope denounced the use of condoms saying that the best way to be free of the disease was through abstinence. However, in November he changed his statement saying that the use of condoms to reduce the risk of infection is a first step on the road to a more human sexuality, rather than not to use it and risk the lives of others.  [xv]   The change in the perception of both the media and the public can be seen through the introduction of HIV dating websites and international conferences held for journalists to provide them with the latest statistics and different ways of educating the public. Conclusions and Recommendations HIV is on the increase and still continues to rise regardless of media attention. A press release from NAT (a UK charity designed to change societys view on HIV/AIDS) in November 2010 revealed that in the UK the number of HIV transmissions being diagnosed still remains high with no hint of a decline when compared to previous years. The HPA (Health Protection Agency) has revealed that although overall rates of diagnoses have shown a decline, this is largely due to fewer diagnosis been made in those infected overseas. Therefore greater intervention other than media is required to make people more aware of the disease. The stigmatisation surrounding HIV and AIDS still continues and this also acts as barrier for people to willingly undergo testing. They believe a diagnosis could have a knock on effect amongst their social, religious and cultural group if anyone found out about their positive status, therefore by not being tested traps them into a false sense of security which acts as a source of denial. Therefore in order to overcome this barrier stigmatisation needs to be removed, the only reason why this is difficult is because people see it as a punishment for immoral behaviour and still associate the disease with drug use and homosexual behaviour whereas currently it is heterosexual women who have seen the biggest rise in new infection over the last decade with 4,220 cases acquired heterosexually in 2008 in comparison to only 2,760 acquired homosexually.  [xvi]   In todays society, the majority of young people see contraceptions main function as protection against pregnancy, not against diseases. Especially since the first hormonal contraceptive pill was approved by the FDA in 1960.  [xvii]  It is readily available and free of charge to young girls, therefore the use of condom is deemed unnecessary in some young peoples eyes. Therefore the use of a condom should be deemed as essential in sexual activity, not to prevent pregnancy, but to prevent a fatal disease. A further reason for the increased spread of HIV in the UK, is 18-30s holidays. These holidays, promoted through advertisement in the media, encourage binge drinking and sex. It is seen as one of the main attraction of the holiday. However, a combination of these results in a high risk of HIV transmission. Being under the influence of alcoholic hugely affects ones perception of safety and decreases the probability of remembering, or caring, if a condom is used. This alone would increase the spread of HIV. One of the most popular countries for these types of holidays is Greece. Over the last decade, Greece has experienced an influx of migrants from countries in South Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Asia and Africa. Studies show that 12% of new infections between the years 1989 and 2003 occurred in immigrants.  [xviii]   the results suggest an increasing trend of HIV-seropositive migrants in Greece during recent years.  [xix]   Therefore, these alcohol -fuelled holidays can result in people from the UK becoming infected with the virus and increasing the spread once returning to the UK. Recommendations A. Research should be undertaken to map the current prevalence of HIV prejudice and types of HIV discrimination experienced in the UK, and Terrence Higgins Trust should establish a database of case studies. B. The Department of Health should ensure that their concerns about the role of stigma in HIV transmission and illness be met by, amongst other strategies suggested here, supporting projects to aid people with HIV in challenging prejudice and discrimination through positive role models, speaker and media work and support networks. C. The Government should enact agreed proposals to extend the Disability Discrimination Act to cover medical conditions from the point of diagnosis, rather than the onset of illness, in the next legislative session. D. Health promotion agencies producing information on sexual health and HIV should include, as appropriate, messages countering prejudice and discrimination both in the general population and within targeted communities. E. In addition to the Codes of Practice produced by the Disability Rights Commission offering guidance to the providers of goods and services about their legal obligations, the Government should legislate to tackle the discrimination encountered by people with HIV and other medical conditions when they access goods and services. F. HIV prevention information targeting Africans, Black people and/or asylum seekers should be produced but their messages and formats need to take into account the concerns of these communities around potential prejudice. G. HIV information providers to African people in the UK should produce materials which make clear their medical and legal rights if diagnosed with HIV In conclusion the requirement of good HIV information through TV, wind-up radios (e.g. in Africa), HIV issues in soap-operas which are most influential, accessible HIV tests, expensive counselling for those proving positive, safe-sex promotion, fewer sexual partners, decreased alcohol use to avoid risky behaviour, and good trials found circumcision helps prevent HIV transmission is necessary to continue and increase prevention campaigns thus providing further education about the disease process, its transmission and how it can be prevented. Hence the mainstay of management relies on education including promotion of safe sex, needle exchange programmes, screening of blood transfusion products and public awareness campaigns. Therefore the only real way of getting rid of any associated stigma is to find a cure for HIV.

Catcher In The Rye- Movie Proposal Essay -- essays research papers

Movie Proposal: The Catcher in the Rye To the Producer:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Catcher in the Rye, a contemporary novel by J.D. Salinger, is a thought-provoking, fascinating look at society’s values and issues in the 1950’s. This book would make an excellent transition to film because it is full of both action and implication. It focuses on a four-day period of time in the life of a sixteen-year-old cynic with emotional problems. The book follows Holden Caulfield as he struggles with others and himself to find his way through the â€Å"phoniness† and disillusionment involved in his adolescent life. These struggles essentially make up the novel, occurring during a long â€Å"flashback† of the four days as he relates them to a psychoanalyst. It would make a brilliant movie because it is written with so much detail, so many pictures that would be beautifully expressed through visual representation. Not only that, but the novel possesses substance, providing a subjective view of the superficiality of modern life, which is represented by the world Salinger creates around Holden. Summary: The movie would be named after the novel it is based on, and would attempt to follow the exact storyline. Pencey Prep, the private school that Holden attended would not have to be in Pennsylvania, but somewhere resembling the area. Most of the city incidents would actually be filmed in New York City. Of course, certain streets would have to be singled out, and the costuming and cars, etc., would have to resemble1950’s New York in order to fit the time period.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie would be narrated by Holden, who would stop talking at times to allow focus on the flashbacks taking place in what would then seem like present tense. Much of the narration does not need to be put into dialogue because Holden spends a great deal of time in his descriptions of what is going on around him. This aspect of the book would have to be carried out carefully and precisely by actors with the right kind of talent (see Characters/Acting) in order to make the movie successful in capturing Salinger’s exact tones and concepts. Note: the main objective of the movie is to present The Catcher in the Rye in visual format. This means to follow as closely as possible to the original plot, dialogue, settings, etc. as written in the book unless truly impo... ...ovel, whether obviously or inconspicuously. The novel accurately describes most of the other characters, because of Holden’s observant nature. All details given by Holden should be carried out accordingly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie would be best directed by Stephen Spielberg, because of his ability to keep movies true to nature, and still produce a compelling story. This would be an excellent project for him because the objective of the film is to do exactly what Spielberg did with movies such as Schindler’s List and Saving Private Ryan: to take a story, fiction or non-, and portray it as a emotionally moving picture, while keeping it true to the original vision.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie spin-off of The Catcher in the Rye should accurately represent the novel written by J.D. Salinger. The budget for the film should be whatever is deemed necessary by the director to make the movie as realistic and well done as possible. The budget should not be a consideration because it would hinder the quality of the film and therefore not allow it to live up to the wonderful the novel could have as a film. If carried out well, this film would be a huge success.

College Preparedness Essay

Today’s students face a world influenced by a global economy, technological advances and rapid changes in the way we share information, communicate and conduct business. It has never been more critical to help them build the knowledge, skills, behaviors and awareness necessary to succeed in college and beyond. Improving postsecondary success for all our citizens, but most urgently for low-income and minority students, is vital to our nation’s economic and social health, and global competitiveness. Yet, college remediation and completion rates suggest that many students leave high school without the skills and knowledge required to succeed in postsecondary education. (media. collegeboard. com/Feb. 26,2013) College today means much more than just pursuing a four- year degree at a university. Being â€Å"college-ready† means being prepared for any postsecondary education or training experience, including study at two- and four-year institutions leading to a postsecondary credential (i.e. a certificate, license, Associates or Bachelor’s degree). Being ready for college means that a high school graduate has the English and mathematics knowledge and skills necessary to qualify for and succeed in entry-level, credit-bearing college courses without the need for remedial coursework. Although students have ambitious educational and career aspirations, many lack basic information about how to fulfill their postsecondary goals. Many students and their parents fail to plan because they do not have the essential information resources, personal support networks, and structured programs they need to effectively perform educational and postsecondary planning activities (Cabrera & La Nasa, 2000; Hrabowski et al. , 1998; McDonough, 1997). Some students and their parents have a vague understanding or hold misconceptions about high school course requirements for college admission, the importance of teachers in college planning, and college tuition costs (Choy, Horn, Nunez, & Chen, 2000; Hrabowski, Maton, Greene, & Greif, 2002; Schneider & Stevenson, 1999; Venezia et al., 2003). (www. aypf. org/ Feb. 27,2013) There are multiple steps that students and their parents can take to successfully plan for postsecondary education and become college ready. These steps build upon one another to help students make the transition from secondary to postsecondary education and training (McDonough, 1997). The early stages of postsecondary planning can include, but are not limited to: 1) Considering postsecondary education, 2) Deciding to attend college, 3) Maintaining good  grades, 4) Gathering information about the college admissions process (including college admissions tests), 5) Discussing educational and career goals with counselors, teachers, and parents, 6) Obtaining information about colleges and academic programs, 7) Obtaining information about financial aid opportunities, and 8) Exploring college major and career interests. (www. act. org/Feb. 27,2013) Schools should provide the tools, information, and resources to guide students and their parents through the postsecondary planning process and make successful educational transitions. And it is important for schools to initiate this planning process by the middle school years. This early educational planning can guide students’ experiences in middle and high school and help them make informed educational decisions. A key aspect of early educational planning involves the exploration of educational and work options. Students have many postsecondary choices, including two-year colleges, certificate programs, four-year colleges, the military, and employment. They often begin taking steps to make their educational goals a reality by taking college preparatory courses, maintaining good grades in these courses, participating in extracurricular activities, and learning about ways to finance postsecondary education (Cabrera & La Nasa, 2000). And they may regularly engage in conversations about their futures with their friends, parents, teachers, and counselors (McDonough, 1997). College Costs. Most parents believe that a college education is the best investment they can make for their children (Miller, 1997). Developing a plan to pay college costs is an essential part of early educational planning, often leading students and parents to discuss college costs, research various colleges and their academic programs, and explore financial aid opportunities (Hossler, Schmit, & Vesper, 1999). However, many parents neglect or are unable to save money, or do not have a plan to pay for college when their children are young. These families may perceive that they cannot afford college. Many students and parents also lack knowledge and information about college costs and options of paying for postsecondary education. Even among high school juniors and seniors who plan to attend college, few have accurate information about college costs. Schools can help students develop educational goals by providing career and postsecondary planning information, beginning in the middle school. Counselors, teachers, principals, and other school personnel often influence students’ educational goals and postsecondary planning. Throughout their school years, most students take standardized achievement tests and complete career interest measures to assess academic performance and assist in postsecondary planning. Schools can integrate test information into the course selection process to show students how test results align with classroom performance and what academic skills they need to develop through future courses. Counselors and teachers can review assessment results with students and parents to guide course selection and placement in the proper course level to fit the students’ academic preparation and achievement (Wimberly, 2003). Low-income parents and students often report that they do not receive adequate information about financial aid. They often lack knowledge about the application process and what financial aid is available to them. Consequently, low-income parents and students may not develop a college finance plan (Cabrera & La Nasa, 2000). Many high achieving low-income students are more likely to enter the military than college because of failing to develop a plan to pay for college costs (Choy, 2000). Popular media stories about rising tuition costs and budget cuts at colleges and universities may compound the issue by making it seem that a college education is unaffordable. This, in turn, may cause many students and their families not to seek college finance information. Students often enter their senior year of high school believing they are ready for college because they have completed required courses. This leads to the development of particularly bad study habits and skills during the senior year (Conley, 2001; Kirst, 2000; National Commission on the High School Senior Year, 2001). In this fashion, the lack of a coherent, developmentally sequenced program of study also contributes to deficiencies in other key areas, including study skills and time management. In fact, it is difficult to imagine a preparation program that emphasizes time management and study skills but does not sequence challenge levels that develop these skills progressively from year to year. What does it mean to be college ready? Previous research suggests that being ready for college means having the academic content knowledge and skills needed to pass college level courses (Conley 2007; Roderick, Nagaoka & Coca 2009), including course grades, standardized test scores, and the degree of rigor of courses taken. Additional research suggests that motivational or non-cognitive factors can be important determinants of success in college (Dweck, Walton & Cohen 2011). These factors include tenacity: maintaining a positive attitude toward learning and being able to persist when the going gets tough. Being college ready also encompasses having â€Å"college knowledge† that includes knowing how to apply to college and for financial aid (Conley 2007). Because college is truly different from high school, college readiness is fundamentally different than high school competence. Students fresh out of high school may think a college course is very much like a similarly named high school class taken previously only to find out that expectations are fundamentally different The college instructor is more likely to emphasize a series of key thinking skills that students, for the most part, do not develop extensively in high school. They expect students to make inferences, interpret results, analyze conflicting explanations of phenomena, support arguments with evidence, solve complex problems that have no obvious answer, reach conclusions, offer explanations, conduct research, engage in the give-and-take of ideas, and generally think deeply about what they are being taught (National Research Council, 2002). College is different from high school in many important ways, some obvious, some not so obvious. College is the first place where we expect young people to be adults, not large children. Almost all of the rules of the game that students have so carefully learned and mastered over the preceding 13 years of schooling are either discarded or modified drastically. The pupil-teacher relationship changes dramatically as do expectations for engagement, independent work, motivation, and intellectual development. All of this occurs at a time when many young people are experiencing significant independence from family and from the role of child for the first time. No wonder that the transition from high school to college is one of the most difficult that many people experience during a lifetime. At the same time, college faculty consistently report that freshman students need to be spending nearly twice the time they indicate spending currently to prepare for class (National Survey of Student Engagement, 2006) These students do not enter college with a work ethic that prepares them for instructor expectations or course requirements College freshmen who are most successful are those who come prepared to work at the levels faculty members expect. Those who do not are much less likely to progress beyond entry-level courses, as witnessed by the high  failure rates in these courses and the significant proportion of college student who drop out during the freshman year. Finally, the relationship between teacher and student can be much different than in high school. An oft-cited example by college faculty is the first-term freshman who is failing the course, shows up at office hours near the end of the term, and requests â€Å"extra credit† in order to be able to pass. College instructors are often mystified by such requests. The students are equally mystified by the instructor reaction, since this strategy has worked very well for the student throughout high school In other words, the cultural and social expectations about learning and performance that students encounter tend to be vastly different as well. The scores students receive on state tests may not be good indicators of college readiness, but students may believe that passage of the state test is just such an indicator. Recent data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) suggest a fundamental disconnect between trends and scores on state tests and on NAEP tests, which has triggered a federal study of state definitions of â€Å"proficiency† (Cavanagh, 2006) When performance on state tests is compared to NAEP performance, significant differences exist from state to state, and students can show improvement on state tests and not corresponding improvement on NAEP In other words, it is very difficult to know what successful performance on a state test really means. A student who meets all aspects of the college readiness definition would gain in several ways. One is, the student would be comfortable in essentially any entry-level general education course. This is an important level to attain because failure to succeed in one or more general education courses during the first year is closely associated with failure to continue in college (Choy, 2001; Choy, Horn, Nunez, & Chen, 2000). A definition of college readiness must also address the issue of how students combine the various facets of college readiness. For students, the combination is more complex because it includes the elements under the school’s control along with those that are not. In particular, students need to understand what it really means to be college-ready. They need to understand what they must do as well as what the system requires or expects of them. They must, first and foremost, understand that college admission is a reasonable and realistic goal that can be attained through planning and diligent attention to necessary tasks. Successful academic preparation for college is grounded in two important dimensions—key cognitive strategies and content knowledge Understanding and mastering key content knowledge is achieved through the exercise of broader cognitive skills embodied within the key cognitive strategies. With this relationship in mind, it is entirely proper and worthwhile to consider some of the general areas in which students need strong grounding in content that is foundational to the understanding of academic disciplines The case for the importance of challenging content as the framework for developing thinking skills and key cognitive strategies has been made elsewhere and will not be repeated in depth here (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000). Our study clearly shows that many students and their families are not considering college finances as part of their early educational and postsecondary planning. As early as sixth grade, schools can help reverse this trend by encouraging families to explore college finance options. School personnel should be knowledgeable about financial aid and scholarship opportunities, the financial aid process, and how students and parents can obtain financial aid. Schools should also partner with local college financial aid officers, bank representatives, and other community resources to provide financial aid information and help with early postsecondary planning. Students need to take the responsibility to utilize the information presented to them on college academic and financial requirements and to discuss this information with adults in their lives who may be able to help them. Not all students have supportive family environments, but support can come from other quarters as well, and students need to be encouraged to reach out to and interact with adults who can help them navigate the college readiness gauntlet, whether these adults are relatives, community service staff, or adults at the school who may be paid staff or volunteers. Young people need personal contact and guidance to know how to become, and believe they are capable of being, college-ready.

Pleasantville Essay

The film Pleasantville shows us the importance of change. Do you agree? In the film all the characters, inside and outside Pleasantville seem satisfied with who they are and have no desire to change, but during David and Jennifer’s stay they realize they are unsatisfied. Not knowing change was possible, the community of Pleasantville feel as if they need to adjust to this ‘change’ happening around them. Relationships end, the weather turns bad, choice and risk are introduced and confusion and pain start to occur. David, Betty and Jennifer are three characters who change throughout the film and show us the importance it has. Some characters embrace the change whilst others try to resist it. The film Pleasantville portrays change as being positive in the long run, and shows the characters growth throughout the movie. David who is one of the main characters in the film gradually changes. His transformation built his self-esteem and grew his confidence to the point where he became someone the people of Pleasantville looked up to and saw as a hero. David is portrayed as geek in his real life. He has seen every episode of Pleasantville that he’s able to script it, like when he was watching the Pleasantville marathon he quoted ‘what’s a mother meant to do. This unhealthy and bad obsession shows David doesn’t have anything better to do with his time and is detached from society and the real world. At the beginning of the film it showed David alone in the school ground talking to himself trying to build courage to talk to a girl he likes, but whilst in Pleasantville he builds his courage and confidence to ask a girl out and attempts to try and help people. Like when he gave bill Johnson the art book it encouraged bill to use his imagination and express himself. This encourages but to strengthen his process of change. Also when he asks Margret out it shows David is confident in himself and is something he wouldn’t have done back home. When David is put iup for trial he proves that change is a good and positive thing if you let it be. His inspiring speech provokes the emotions of everyone in the courtroom and he claims ‘there are better things than pleasant. ’’ When David confronts his real mother it shows he no longer ingages in the artificial world. When he wipes away his mothers tears he tells her ‘theres no right house†¦no right car. ’ Ths shows david cares for his mum and his experience in Pleasantville taught him nothings perfect, as much as you try to be. David’s connection with people has transformed him from being socially awkward and insecure with no self-esteem what so ever, to a confident caring role model whos change has formed david and Another key character in the film that conveys self-change is Betty. From the start Bettys life is monotonous and confined to her family. The breakfast scene establishes the idea where her routine is the same every day. Like the other characters she begins to see what there is more to life. The moment when Betty and billy first meet triggered the change in her character. She develops feelings for this new man. Change is seen as being necessary and positive for Betty’s emotional growth. The bathroom scene shows Betty exploring her sexual awakening. This shows betty breaking away from her normal character. Change is irreversible for Betty. Her attempt to hide her true colour with makeup fails. When bill shows her Picasso painting of the weeping woman, Betty expresses the feelings of the weakling woman when she says ‘shes crying’ and tears trickle down her face that smear her makeup, showing her true colour. Bill paints a nude portrait of her in vibrant colours across the soda shop window. This is the climax of Bettys change and cannot reverse what she’s done. She turned out into an independent woman. Before going to the court hearing, George asks her to put on her make-up but Betty refuses and says, ‘I don’t want it to go away. ’ This statement suggests that betty finds change refreshing and she likes it. The overall change in betty shows how far shes come from being the one whose life revolved around others and making them happy, to eing the one who make significant change in her life aand others. Bettys transition was made easier due to the fact that she was willing to make changes and was curios by the thought of the unknown. In the last scene were Betty is sitting with George in the park bench, then he turns into bill and she says ‘what happends next. ’ This indicates theyre not afraid of change. Change is important because it is a way of learning. You can find a better way of doing things by trying different ways of doing things instead of doing them the same way. Change can make things easier, more beneficial and also help people learn how things work and be able to adapt to different situations. In the film, Pleasantville, all characters experience change — not progress, which suggests all change is for the better, all changes immediately positive. Along with sex, art, and literature, all characters experience difficulties like prejudgment and rioting. While David experiences insecurity he develops into a self-confident leader, and while Jennifer suffers rebellion, she matures into an intelligent and meaningful lady. The film most definitely takes the side of those people who in spite of difficulties work to embrace change or at the least to accept it and face it unafraid. Pleasantville opens by pointing out many negatives in our current world — but soon enough hints that there are problems if the fantasies we use to escape are too unreal. In the end, the best world seems to be one that balances both our supposed ideals and the real world. Dispite David’s initial resistance to change, David is better off for experiencing change in his life. David changes from a socially inept individual through his own insecurity and inner belief to the self-confident and reassuring leader at Change is often seen as a positive thing, with the emphasis being on that if we change we become better, more advanced or stronger. But every change results in consequences, good and bad, and it is very difficult to predict the outcomes of every change made because it is complicated for us to see exactly how the future will unfold. There are many examples where change can be a very positive and productive force.

buy custom Medicaid Requirements for Florida and California essay

buy custom Medicaid Requirements for Florida and California essay Medicaid is a program that involves all the federal states that aim at providing health insurance to people of low income. The aim of Medicaid is providing medical services to people who cannot afford. The federal government provides the funds required to finance the program. These people include children, adults, people with a disability and pregnant mothers whether single or married. It also covers services in nursing homes for people who qualify. However, each state runs its on Medicaid programs, and makes policies on how the program should be managed. In Florida, children below the age of 18 years, their parents or guardians are eligible for Medicaid if the familys net income does not exceed the set income limit and the asset worthiness are below $ 2000. However, eligibility for Medicaid for the child in California depends on the Childs status and not the status of the parent or guardian. This means a child qualifies for Medicaid services even if the guardian is rich. Therefore, the uniting factor in the two states is that eligibility for Medicaid requires that the child to come from the family of low income and resources. In California, any pregnant woman, whether married or single s eligible for Medicaid. In addition, the Medicaid eligibility extends to both the mother and the child if the Medicaid covered the mother. Considering Florida, the pregnant women can also apply for Medicaid. Although, in Florida, Medicaid is packaged into categories ranging from the prenatal care, which partially coves for the pregnant woman for the short period, fully coverage for pregnant women, and regular Medicaid coverage. In Florida, parents and guardians can apply for Medicaid on behalf of their children, provided their children are below 19 years. However, parents application is possible if the children are living in their homes, or the family income is under the predetermined limit. This is the case in California, though one can apply if the child is sick to the point that he will need nursing home care, and could enjoy quality care at home. In addition, California State allows a child living on his own, to apply for Medicaid on his behalf, or any adult. In both California and Florida states, they consider people of 65 years and above eligible for Medicaid. This is subject to limited income and resources for the individual in question. In both states, blind people receive the same treatment when it comes to Meddicaid eligibility. The blind is eligible for Medicaid provided they have limited income and resources. The disabled living in nursing homes and could live in their homes if given quality home care are eligible for Medicaid. The Medicaid eligibility is allowed to people in both the states, if the person is suffering from chronic diseases. In both California and Florida states, Medicaid is provided to a noncitizen in the case of emergence. The aliens are required to prove that indeed it was an emergence situation. However, the rules of classifying situations to emergence may vary from states to states depending on the rules that govern the classification of emergence situations. Despite the difference that is apparent between the eligibility for the Medicaid, there is a similarity in the way the rules applies. However, a similarity of eligibility seems to concentrate on the low income and resource levels that the person is required to meet. Both of the states focus on the individuals age whether pregnant, the level of income, is he blind or aged. However, in California and Florida Medicaid is a particularly significant program of providing affordable health care services to those who could not meet the basic health requirement. Buy custom Medicaid Requirements for Florida and California essay

Solo written report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Solo written report - Assignment Example I believe that I am well qualified academically and with experience for this position that offers good opportunities. The key strengths that make me the competitive candidate for this position include; the ability to network effectively, I have a desire to impact positively not only to the clients but also colleagues, I am also able to work in a team work environment. I also have a strong character and am always ready to learn new things. I am a person that customers will rely on because I am confident and well spoken person. I have wider experience is similar career environment hence you can place me in any place and am confident I will deliver. I am hoping that my education and experience will warrant a face-to-face meeting because am sure that I will deliver quality services that will add value to the organization. Yours Sincerely Alex CURRICULUM VITAE PERSONAL DATA: LAST NAME: (ALL CAPS) Name as it appears on your passport: First Name: Middle Name / Other Names: Physical Street A ddress for courier delivery (NOT A POSTAL BOX): Telephone Home: Telephone Mobile: Telephone Office: Email 1: alex@hotmail.com Email 2: Marital Status: Date of Birth: DAY/MONTH/YEAR Gender: Country of Origin: Present Nationality: Languages and Fluency Level: EDUCATION: Degree Earned, University of Toronto 2007 to 2011 Example: Bachelors of Commerce degree in Finance and Economics, University of Toronto, Toronto Canada WORK HISTORY: Assistant Financial advisor, XBA international, 40100-567 Toronto Canada, 2011 to 2012 July Start and End Date (Mo/Year), Name of Supervisor I was assistant financial advisor and I advised the organization on financial matters. Budget planning for the organization Oversee Internal auditing exercise Senior Financial Advisor XBA International 40100-567 Toronto Canada 2012 July up to date Advising the company on financial matters TRAINING AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT: Course Name, CPA 1- K Institute of accounting Toronto Canada 20010- 2011 Introduction: With a soon-to-be completed Bachelors of Commerce degree in Finance and Economics, I wish to apply for the position of financial advisor as posted on November 18th in the website of www.monster.ca. I have the confidence that I am the most suitable person for this job, and I could perform these duties in the best interest of Investors Group. After an extensive research about your financial group, I am inspiring by applying to such a reputable financial services group. The following summary is the qualities and skills that I would like to provide to Investors Group. Investors Group’s history is counting over 80 years. In 1926 the fist Canadian office was established, and Theodore O. Peterson becomes the company’s first President in 1946. After four years in 1950 Investors Group launches the first mutual fund in Canada and international mutual fund after 12 years in 1962.In 1986, Power Financial Corporation becomes the parent company of Investors Group and the new corporate he ad office became reality on 1988 †One Canada Center† . Moreover, in 1997 Investors Group joins Great-West Life in the purchase of London Life and I.G Investment Management, Ltd. Opens

The British Welfare State Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The British Welfare State - Essay Example This essay deals with the British Welfare State, the influences and personalities that brought it about its origins, development, problems and benefits. It looks at such things as legislation and the reports on which such laws are based. In particular it considers the inequalities the welfare state sought to redress, but also point out inequalities in more recent years, and the possible reasons behind these. This essay will deal with the British Welfare System and the inequalities it sought to remedy in such areas as education, employment opportunities, justice and health. The United Kingdom is a state in which centralised government , and the legislation it produces, directs its welfare system to a great extent. However, although one state, it is not one country. This means, especially since the setting up of separate parliaments that legislation and therefore provision and available services in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland as well as in England will differ to some extent. A lso there is no one ‘Welfare State Ministry’. The Cabinet office for instance is responsible for public service reform, the Treasury for finances, and there are of course numerous othe rinvovled departemnts and agencies. This means that in some cases inequalities are built into the governmantal system. However reasons for inequalities are many and varied , and not just linked to legislation. This essay will consider the failures as well as the positive attributes of such a system , and why these occurred and continue to do so. It will look briefly at the history and origins of the present system and its gradual development. It will consider problems that have arisen and why these occurred. One of the initial problems is perhaps the definition of inequality within society. Is it to do with equality of opportunity or equality of outcome? The former for instance was dealt with by such things as the provision of free secondary education for all. But all children were not as capable intellectually of benefiting from a grammer school education and so schools were developed offering education of a more practical nature. Some of those who passed the grammer school entrance examinations could not proceed for economic reasons or because of family pressures and so ended up in secondary modern or technical schools, for which presumably they were not best suited. All this means that, in the case of education at least, although technically there was an equality of opportunity, in fact there was not, and there certainly could never be equalities of outcomes. In more recent times parents have supposedly been given more choice as to which schools their children will go to, but the practice falls far short of such an idealistic situation. With regards to health perhaps the situation would be more equal? After all the health service was set up as free at the point of need. But now in the 21st century the media are full of the ‘post code lottery’ or repo rts about some Health Care Trusts refusing to fund certain treatments, in some cases potentiality life saving, which are available in other areas, or, of course, to those who are willing and able to pay. Inequality rules therefore in health care as in other areas of society. There has always been economic inequality in human societies since the very first caveman noticed that his neighbour had a better axe than he has. The exact nature of inequalities in society, their causes and effects as well as their importance have long been a matter for debate, but is clear that the varying abilities of people to create wealth for whatever reasons , are part of the complex pattern of equalities in soci